Fossil teeth may come from a new species of early hominin
Some 2.6-million-year-old teeth found in Ethiopia hint that an unknown species from the Australopithecus genus coexisted with one of our Homo relatives, but it is hard to draw firm conclusions from the evidence
By Michael Le Page
13 August 2025
A model of an Australopithecus hominin
Credit: Cro Magnon/Alamy
Thirteen hominin teeth have been discovered in Ethiopia in layers of volcanic ash between 2.6 and 2.8 million years old. The researchers think some of the teeth belong to one of the earliest members of the Homo genus, while others appear to be from a new hominin, suggesting both species lived alongside each other.
“They either shared resources, and everything was hunky-dory, or maybe one of them was marginalised,” says Kaye Reed at Arizona State University. “We just don’t know at this point.”
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Previous discoveries show that before around 3 million years ago, several species of early hominins in the genus Australopithecus lived in this region, including Australopithecus afarensis, the species to which the famous Lucy fossil belonged.
From around 2.5 million years ago, the first hominins from the genus Homo start appearing, with features more similar to those of modern humans. So what happened in between? To find out, Reed and her colleagues have been digging in an area called Ledi-Geraru, where there are volcanic deposits from this crucial time.
In 2013, her team found a 2.8-million-year-old jaw that appears to be from a Homo species, pushing back the origin of this genus. Now her team has found 13 teeth in three different layers of ash.
